Bottom Friction

Bottom Friction

The mean (short-wave averaged) bed shear stress, $\tau _{bi}$, is calculated as

$\tau _{bi}=\lambda _{wc}\tau _{ci}$ (2-8)

where

$\lambda _{wc}=$ nonlinear bottom friction enhancement factor $\left(\lambda _{wc}\geq 1\right)$ [-]