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=CIRP Publications=
=CIRP Publications=


==Coastal Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETNs)==
[[Publications:CHETNs | Coastal Hydraulics Engineering Technical Notes (CHETNs)]]
===2009===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-74.pdf Concepts for Functional Restoration of Barrier Islands] Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) presents guidance for functional restoration of barrier islands. The concept of functional restoration is introduced here as an engineering and ecological design such that a barrier island can perform as a wave attenuator, storm surge buffer, and ocean boundary for an estuary, bay, and mainland over the defined project lifetime. Ecological design is required as part of the restoration to minimize initial nourishment losses and to ensure that environmental goals are met. Functional restoration allows for the possibility that a restored island could migrate alongshore and cross-shore, and possibly overwash to some extent as long as it continued reducing the risk of damage to the estuary, bay, and mainland. This CHETN reviews existing knowledge on the benefits of barrier islands and presents guidance for functional restoration.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-XIV-9.pdf Regional Morphology Analysis Package (RMAP), Version 3: User's Guide and Tutorial]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) serves as a user’s guide for the Regional Morphology Analysis Package (RMAP) Version 3, a modernized version of the Beach Morphology and Analysis Package (BMAP). A revised interface facilitates assembly, quality control, manipulation, analysis, visualization, and archiving of geospatial shoreline positions, beach profiles, and channel cross-sections. The interface, options, data import and export, and data analysis routines are described within this CHETN. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided to familiarize the user with selected features of RMAP Version 3.
===2008===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-73.pdf A GIS Based Tool for Extracting Shoreline Positions from Aerial Imagery (BeachTools) Revised]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) presents BeachTools, an ArcView™ 9.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) extension designed to identify and quantitatively establish the postition of shrelines and other coastal features from aerial imagery. This CHETN is a revision of the original BeachTools extension produced in ArcView 3.2 (Hoeke et al. 2001).
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-72.pdf Interactions Between Wetlands and Tidal Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) presents numerical simulations investigating how the loss of wetlands in estuaries modifies tidal processes in inlet navigation channels. The implications for wetland loss and construction of wetlands to tidal inlets and navigation channels are discussed, and hypotheses are presented for possible engineering approaches to mitigate wetland loss and improve the sedimentary sustainability of constructed wetlands.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-71.pdf Particle Tracking Model (PTM) in the SMS10: IV. Link to Coastal Modeling System]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the coupling between the Particle Tracking Model (PTM) and the Coastal Modeling System (CMS). It familiarizes users with the PTM-CMS coupling interface as implemented inside the Surfacewater Modeling System Version 10 (SMS10). The steps necessary for preparing solutions of two-dimensional CMS-Flow and CMS-Wave models for input to the PTM are described, and two examples are given.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/Hughes-CHETN-III-78.pdf Estimation of Combined Wave and Storm Surge Overtopping at Earthen Levees]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN)        provides empirical equations for estimating several parameters of unsteady flow resulting from the        combination of steady storm surge overflow and overtopping of irregular waves at a trapezoidal-shaped        earthen levee. Equations are given for the average overtopping discharge and the cumulative probability        distribution of instantaneous overtopping discharge. On the landward-side slope, empirical equations        can be used to estimate the mean flow depth, mean flow velocity, root-mean-square wave height,        and velocity associated with the overtopping wave front. Worked examples illustrate application of        the empirical equations.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-II-51.pdf Interaction of Shore-Parallel Geotextile Tubes and Beaches along the Upper Texas Coast]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN)      summarizes initial lessons learned about ongoing field monitoring of      shore-parallel geotextile tubes (GTs) constructed as beach dune cores      in Galveston County, TX. Beach profile data and aerial photography      collected between 1999 and 2007 are examined to evaluate the      interaction of the GTs with beaches and the protection provided to      public infrastructure and other landward improvements. Specific goals      of the monitoring are to determine (a) if the GTs have exacerbated      erosion of adjacent beaches by preventing release of littoral sediment      or by increasing wave reflection and scour and (b) if GTs hinder      post-storm beach recovery.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-77.pdf Estimation of Overtopping Flow Velocities on Earthen Levees Due to Irregular Waves]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical  Note (CHETN) provides empirical equations for estimating several parameters of  unsteady flow resulting from the combination of steady storm surge overflow and  overtopping of irregular waves at a trapezoidal-shaped earthen levee. Equations  are given for the average overtopping discharge and the cumulative probability  distribution of instantaneous overtopping discharge. On the landward-side slope,  empirical equations can be used to estimate the mean flow depth, mean flow  velocity, root-mean-square wave height, and velocity associated with the  overtopping wave front. Worked examples illustrate application of the empirical  equations.
 
===2007===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-69.pdf Tips for Developing Bathymetry Grids for Coastal Modeling System Applications]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) gives      practical advice and guidance on development of numerical model      bathymetry grids for Coastal Modeling System (CMS) application.  These      tips can improve accuracy of simulations, make modeling more      efficient, and help avoid common pitfalls that degrade simulation      results.  Most tips are applicable to other types of numerical models      of nearshore hydrodynamics.  Emphasis is given to the complex      morphologic and hydrodynamic environment of coastal inlets.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-I-73.pdf Infra-Gravity Wave Input Toolbox (IGWT): User's Guide]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) is a      user's guide for the Infra-Gravity Wave Toolbox (IGWT) developed as      an activity of the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) of the      U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and      Hydraulics Laboratory. Predicted infra-gravity (IG) wave input is      required in modeling of long-waves affecting harbors. IG waves may      also influence navigation, coastal inlets, and coastal structural      design projects. The IGWT has been implemented in the Surface-water      Modeling System (SMS) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to      establish a link between CGWAVE and BOUSS-1D numerical wave models.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-I-74.pdf WABED Model in the SMS: Part 2. Graphical Interface]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN)      describes the graphical interface for the Wave-Action Balance Equation      Diffraction (WABED) model that has been added to the U.S. Army Corps      of Engineers (USACE) Surface-water Modeling System (SMS).  The      theoretical background and user's manual for WABED are given by Lin et      al. (2006) and Demirbilek et al. (in preparation).  WABED is intended      for application in calculating wave transformation at coastal inlets      and is part of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS) developed under the      Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) for simulating combined waves,      currents, sediment transport, and morphology change.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-75.pdf Irregular Wave Forces on Heavily Overtopped Thin Vertical Walls]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) provides empirical equations to estimate      irregular wave forces and overturning moments on thin, vertical walls      extending from the sea floor and having a top elevation that is below      the still water level. In this situation the majority of the wave      crest passes over the vertical wall. A worked example illustrates      application of the empirical equations.
 
===2006===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-68.pdf Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) discusses large bed forms, such as dunes or      sand waves, that can pose a navigation hazard for inlet channels (Pope      2000). Understanding the conditions causing their formation can be an      aid in navigation channel management. This CHETN is concerned with      large bed forms that chronically or periodically encroach on the      authorized navigation depth. Smaller bed forms have been observed in      many (perhaps most) other inlets, but because they do not hinder      navigation, they are not discussed in this CHETN. Navigation channels      with reported sand waves include the Columbia River, WA/OR; East Pass,      Panama City, Fort Pierce, and St. Marys Entrance, FL; Merrimack River,      MA, and Kennebec River, ME. This technical note discusses the      characteristics of the bed forms found in those areas and conditions      responsible for their development.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-73.pdf Wave-Action Balance Equation Diffraction (WABED) Model: Tests of Wave Diffraction and Reflection at Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) demonstrates the numerical modeling capability      to represent wave diffraction and reflection available in the WABED      (Wave-Action Balance Equation with Diffraction) model. The WABED model      is available as a nearshore wave transformation model in the Coastal      Inlets Research Program's (CIRP's) Coastal Modeling System      (CMS). Performance of the model is examined in this CHETN with two      physical model data sets. The first data set pertains to a detached      semi-infinite breakwater in front of a natural inlet, and an inlet      with dual jetties. The second data set pertains to an inlet protected      either by reflecting or absorbing jetties. Wave diffraction, wave      reflection, and consequences of these processes on numerically      simulated currents are examined with the two-dimensional (2-D)      circulation model M2D. Future technical notes in this series will      describe the interface and report additional validation and      enhancements of WABED.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-66.pdf Jetty Spur Functional Design at Coastal Inlets; Effects on Nearshore Circulation and Potential Sediment Movement]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) discusses the effects of connected and detached      spurs on sediment transport and circulation in the vicinity of a      coastal inlet jetty. The influence of spur orientation on the      magnitude and pathways of these processes is detailed based on      observations in the field and comprehensive laboratory measurements.      A companion technical note, CHETN-IV-61 (Seabergh and Krock 2003),      discusses existing jetty spurs in the United States and presents      initial Coastal Inlet Research Program (CIRP) physical model jetty      spur results.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-72.pdf Uses for Marine Mattresses in Coastal Engineering]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) provides basic information on the Triton Marine      Mattress System, describes potential applications for marine      mattresses in coastal engineering, and summarizes previous successful      deployments of marine mattresses in projects by the U.S. Army Corps of      Engineers and others.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-67.pdf Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQs) About Coastal Inlets and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP)]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) provides answers to Frequently-Asked Questions      (FAQs) about coastal inlets and about the Coastal Inlets Research      Program (CIRP). The FAQs are grouped in the following categories: a)      General questions about coastal inlets, b) Coastal inlet      hydrodynamics, c) Coastal inlet morphology, d) Coastal inlet channels,      e) Coastal inlet structures, f) Coastal Inlets Research Program, g)      Available tools for solving coastal inlet problems, and h)      Miscellaneous inlet topics.
 
===2005===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/tn-doer-D4.pdf Particle Tracking Model (PTM) in the SMS: I. Graphical Interface]
Purpose: This Dredging Operations and Environmental      Research (DOER)Technical Note describes the graphical interface for      the Particle Tracking Model (PTM). The Coastal Inlets Research Program      (CIRP) and the DOER Program are jointly developing the PTM. The PTM is      described in a series of three technical notes. This technical note,      Part I, describes the graphical user interface of Version 1.0 of PTM.      The PTM has been developed for application to dredging and coastal      projects, including dredged material dispersion and fate, sediment      pathway and fate, and constituent transport.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/tn-doer-D5.pdf Particle Tracking Model (PTM) in the SMS: II. Overview of Features and Capabilities]
Purpose: This Dredging Operations and Engineering      Research (DOER) Technical Note (TN) is the second in a series. It      describes the features and capabilities of a new Particle Tracking      Model (PTM) for analysis of sediment transport and sediment pathways      in coastal waters, estuaries, rivers, and waterways. This note is      applicable to Version 1.0 of PTM.  Examples are presented that      illustrate key features of the PTM s application in coastal and      estuarine environments.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/tn-doer-D6.pdf Particle Tracking Model (PTM) in the SMS: III. Tutorial with Examples]
Purpose: This Dredging Operations and Engineering      Research (DOER) Technical Note (TN) is a tutorial with examples of the      PTM, developed jointly by the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP)      and DOER Program. This note is applicable to Version 1.0 of      PTM.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-70.pdf Estimating Irregular Wave Runup on Rough, Impermeable Slopes]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) describes a new formula for improved estimation      of irregular wave runup on rough, impermeable slopes. The runup      guidance is based on the wave momentum flux parameter described in      CHETN III-67.  Sample calculations illustrate application of the      formula.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN_Breaching.pdf Coastal Barrier Island Breaching, Part 2: Mechanical Breaching and Breach Closure]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) describes case studies of the mechanical      closure and creation of coastal barrier island breaches. Emphasis is      on breaches that form near inlets, with examples also given of breach      opening for environmental enhancement. Part 1 in this technical note      series reviews the causes of breaching and measures to prevent      breaching (Kraus and Wamsley 2003). Subsequent technical notes will      describe models under development in the Coastal Inlets Research      Program for predicting the inception and evolution of breaches.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/InletGiS_CHETN-draft.pdf Tidal Inlet Shoal and Channel Change Analysis from Aerial Imagery Using Inlet, Nearshore, and Littoral Enhancement Tool for Geographic Information Systems (INLETGIS)]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) presents Inlet, Nearshore, and Littoral        Enhancement Tool for Geographic Information Systems (INLETGIS) and      describes a methodology for an objective, rapid inlet shoal and      channel analysis through classification schemes using aerial      photography and the INLETGIS extension for ArcViewTM 3.x Geographic Information System (GIS).
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-64.pdf Coastal Inlet Navigation Channel Shoaling with Deepening and Widening]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) presents the response of six inlet navigation      channel projects to deepening and widening. In all cases, deepening      and/or widening of these channels increased the dredging rate. The      post-dredging rate has a good correlation with the deficit of sediment      in the channel (defined as the difference between the natural and      dredged channel volumes), as compared to the natural (non-dredged)      channel.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-63.pdf Representation of Nonerodible (Hard) Bottom in Two-Dimensional Morphology Change Models]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering      Technical Note (CHETN) describes a methodology for representing      nonerodible substrates in a two-dimensional (2-D) coastal morphology      change models, with emphasis on coastal inlets. The calculation      procedure is described, followed by examples showing the functioning    of the method.
 
===2003===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-60.pdf SMS Steering Module for Coupling Waves and Currents, 2: M2D and STWAVE]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides guidance on coupling the  two-dimensional (2-D) circulation model M2D (Militello et al. in  preparation) with the steady spectral wave model STWAVE (Smith et  al. 2001) through the Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS) (Zundel  2002). Coupling of models is an efficient and accurate means of  calculating wave-driven currents, setup and setdown, and wave-current  interaction in nearshore regions, including tidal inlets. Procedures  and options for coupling M2D and STWAVE within the SMS are described  and an example application is provided.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-67.pdf Wave Momentum Flux Parameter for Coastal Structure Design]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides new formulas for improved estimation  of irregular wave runup on smooth impermeable slopes. The runup  guidance is based on the recently introduced wave momentum flux  parameter.  Sample calculations illustrate application of the  formulas.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-III-68.pdf Estimating Irregular Wave Runup on Smooth, Impermeable Slopes]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) provides information about a new wave parameter  for characterizing wave processes at coastal structures. A description  of the parameter is given along with sample calculations for periodic  waves and solitary waves. The first application of this physically  relevant parameter has been development of new empirical relationships  for irregular wave runup on smooth, impermeable slopes.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-59.pdf Uncertainties in Bathymetric Surveys]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) presents a statistical methodology for  assessing the uncertainty of bathymetric analyses. The uncertainty  assessment is based on the reported accuracy of a bathymetric  survey.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-58.pdf Application of an Artificial Neural Network to Predict Tidal Currents in an Inlet]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Technical Note (CHETN) describes application of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)  that can be trained to predict currents at an inlet located within a  larger regional system, based on water level measurements at a  different and possibly distant location. Once developed, ANNs reduce  the need for field gauging, and information may be hindcast for sites  where data do not exist, or which have gaps in the historical record.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-57.pdf Human-Induced Changes in Back-Barrier Environments as Factors in Tidal Inlet Instability with Emphasis on Florida]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Technical Note  (CHETN) provides general information about the consequences of human  alterations of back-barrier environments on tidal inlet stability,  including several examples from the Gulf Coast of peninsular Florida.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-56.pdf Coastal Barrier Breaching, Part 1: Overview of Breaching Processes]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides information about the causes of  breaching of coastal barrier islands and spits, with emphasis on  breaching near inlet navigation projects and measures to prevent  breaching. Subsequent technical notes in this series will present case  studies and models under development in the Coastal Inlets Research  Program (CIRP) for predicting the inception and evolution of breaches.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-55.pdf CHL Precision Flow Table - Description and Applications]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides information about the new precision  flow table experiment facility located at the U.S. Army Engineer  Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory  (CHL). The precision flow table can examine complex steady flow  problems rapidly and at low cost. This capability is useful for  understanding complicated flow problems and deciding on whether to  pursue more elaborate modeling technologies. A description of the flow  table capabilities is given along with an example application related  to flow at a tidal estuary.
 
===2002===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-53.pdf Weir Jetties at Coastal Inlets: Part 1,        Functional Design Considerations]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides information on the performance of  selected weir jetty systems constructed in the United States and  discussion of their functioning. A companion CHETN (Seabergh 2002) presents the design elements of weir jetty systems.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-54.pdf Weir Jetties at Coastal Inlets: Part 2, Case Studies]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides information on the function and  experience of weir jetty systems and discusses introductory design  considerations. A companion CHETN, Weir Jetties at Coastal Inlets,  Part 2: Case Studies, summarizes selected weir jetty systems.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-52.pdf Inner Bank Erosion Processes and Solutions at Coastal Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) described herein provides information on  erosion which occurs on the banks (or shoulders) of tidal inlets  stabilized with jetties. The causes for initiation of this erosion  area are discussed and potential solutions for reducing/preventing the  erosion are presented.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-51.pdf Inlets Online: A Tutorial for Evaluating Inlet/Beach Processes Using Aerial Photography]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes a web-based information and analysis  resource on tidal inlets and adjacent beaches, Great Lake entrances,  navigation channels, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)  Operation & Maintenance activities at these sites.  All of the  information presented in this CHETN may be accessed at:  http://www.oceanscience.net/inletsonline.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-50.pdf Quantifying Potential Measurement Errors and Uncertainties Associated with Bathymetric Change Analysis]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes procedures for quantifying error and  uncertainty estimates in volume change calculated from comparison of  bathymetric surveys from two different times.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-49.pdf Video-Based Wave Direction Measurements in a Scale Physical Model]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes a method for video-based measurement  of wave direction in an idealized coastal inlet physical model. This  method may be applied in other physical model settings or extended to  field measurement applications.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-48.pdf Estimating Along-Channel Flow and Sediment Transport at Tidal Entrances - Ebbjet Calculator]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) described herein describes the EbbJet  Calculator, a utility of the Analytical Toolbox of the Diagnostic  Modeling System (DMS) (Kraus 2000).  The EbbJet Calculator estimates  depth-averaged velocity and sediment transport rate at an inlet from  established analytical and empirical equations.  (This Windows-based  Visual Basic application is available for download on our <a href="file:///D|/Website/products/products.html"> Products &amp; Tools </a>page.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-47.pdf Tidal Velocity Asymmetry at Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) herein discusses selected factors responsible for  controlling tidal velocity asymmetry at tidal inlets with implications  for maintenance of navigation channels and sediment bypassing to the  adjacent beaches.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-46.pdf Deployment of Oceanographic Instruments in High-Energy Environments and Near Structures]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes methods and techniques for acquiring  measurements of waves, currents and suspended sediment from  high-energy wave and current environments. The case study described  herein involved measurements obtained in proximity to a large jettied  inlet. Two techniques are described:
*Deployment of instrumented platforms in a high-energy surf zone.
*Deployment and recovery of instrumented tripods near a submerged structure using a Sikorsky HH-60J Jayhawk helicopter.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-44.pdf Inlet Spits and Maintenance of Navigation Channels]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) provides information on the formation and  behavior of sand spits at inlets. Their interaction with navigation  channels and possible consequences for water exchange are discussed. A  mathematical model is presented to estimate spit development, and an  example of physical modeling of spit evolution is given to illustrate  properties of spit growth at inlets and model capabilities.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-43.pdf SHOALS Toolbox: Software to Support Visualization and Analysis of Large, High-Density Data Sets]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) outlines the capabilities of SHOALS Toolbox, a  stand-alone software package designed to facilitate the use of SHOALS  (Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey) and other  high-density survey data in engineering analyses.  The SHOALS Toolbox  comprises a suite of tools with which to visualize, manipulate, and  analyze SHOALS data, and it is available free to all US Army Corps of  Engineers elements and their contractors.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-42.pdf Coupling of Regional and Local Circulation Models ADCIRC and M2D]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) described herein provides guidance on coupling  the regional circulation model ADCIRC with the local circulation model  M2D. Coupling of models is an efficient and accurate means of  calculating water level and current on a local domain, such as at and  around an inlet. This CHETN also serves as a tutorial for coupling the  two models within the Surfacewater Modeling System (SMS).
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-41.pdf SMS Steering Module for Coupling Waves and Currents, 1: ADCIRC and STWAVE]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes the purpose and functionality of the  steering module in the Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS). The  steering module was developed to automate repetitive user tasks and  required data sharing between circulation and wave propagation  numerical models. Procedures and processes for operating the steering  module are summarized, and an example demonstrates hydrodynamic  coupling within the steering module.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-II-45.pdf Wave Transmission at Detached Breakwaters for Shoreline Response Modeling]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering   Technical Note (CHETN) evaluates selected available formulas for  predicting wave transmission at rubble mound and armor unit  structures, leading to recommendations for the most appropriate  formulas for shoreline-response modeling. The GENESIS shoreline  response numerical model is modified to allow for automated  time-dependent calculation of the wave transmission coefficient, and a  case study is presented to illustrate the new predictive capability.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-40.pdf Guidelines for Using the Eastcoast 2001 Database of Tidal Constituents within the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes the Eastcoast 2001 computed database  of tidal elevation and velocity constituents. This database was  developed to allow surface water elevation and currents to be quickly  and easily defined in open waters within the Western North Atlantic  Tidal (WNAT) domain.  The WNAT domain encompasses the Western North  Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.  This CHETN  summarizes the development of the Eastcoast 2001 tidal constituent  database, presents global, basin specific and site specific error  estimates, and discusses exactly what is computed, where it can be  applied, and how it can and should be used. Limitations of the  database are also described.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-39.pdf Reservoir Model for Calculating Natural Sand Bypassing and Change in Volume of Ebb-Tidal Shoals, Part I: Description]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering  Note (CHETN) provides information on a mathematical model developed to  calculate natural sand bypassing and change in volume of ebb-tidal  shoals.  Subsequent CHETNs in this series will describe the interface  and generalizations of the model to cover flood-tidal shoals,  inlet-entrance channel, and other morphologic features at inlets.
 
===2001===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-II-44.pdf Beach Erosional Hot Spots: Types, Causes, and Solutions]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) discusses the types, causes, and example  solutions of erosional hot spots (EHSs; singular EHS) by which they  can be identified and measures that can be taken to prevent or cope  with the erosion in an effective way. An EHS is an area with high  erosion rate as compared to the adjacent beach or to expectations for  the behavior of the beach. EHSs located adjacent to inlets can  compromise beach nourishment performance or performance of the site as  a placement area for beach-quality dredged material. Possible types of  EHSs are extended to cover geologic or regional scales.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-38.pdf Field Data Recovery in Tidal System Using        Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes how artificial neural networks (ANNs)  can be used provide reliable estimates of missing values in a measured  data set.  The method is illustrated using data for a tidal lagoon,  Biscayne Bay in Florida, USA.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-37.pdf A GIS Based Tool for Extracting Shoreline Positions from Aerial Imagery (BEACHTOOLS)]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulics Technical Note  (CHETN) presents BeachTools, an ArcView TM 3.x Geographic  Information Systems (GIS) extension designed to identify and  quantitatively establish the position of the shoreline and other  coastal features from aerial imagery.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-36.pdf Chronic Beach Erosion Adjacent to Inlets and Remediation by Composite (T-Head) Groins]
Purpose: Beaches located directly down drift of  inlets may become isolated from sediment sources and experience  chronic erosion.  Because shore-protection actions taken on a beach  isolated from sediment sources may not significantly disturb the  down-drift beach, highly efficient sand-retention structures such as  T-head and L-head groins may be considered as a remediation measure.  This Coastal Engineering Technical Note gives an overview of the  performance and functional design procedures for T-head and similar  composite groins.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-35.pdf Mathematical Model for Rapid Estimation of        Infilling and Sand Bypassing at Inlet Entrance Channels]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  describes a mathematical for rapid estimation of rates of infilling  and bypassing at inlet entrance channels located on sandy or gravel  shores.  Infilling is assumed to occur by cross-channel transport.  The calculation procedure requires information typically available or  estimated in coastal navigation projects and is intended to provide  guidance for projects where detailed studies cannot be performed.  The  procedure can be applied to any channel that meets the basic  assumptions.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-34.pdf Estimation of Suspended Sediment Trapping Ratio for Channel Infilling and Bypassing]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  describes a method for estimating the percentage of sand-sized  material placed in suspension by breaking waves and carried by a  cross-channel current to either fall into a navigation channel or  travel across it.  Required inputs are channel width and depth, depth  in the vicinity of the channel, depth-averaged current velocity  perpendicular to the channel, and sediment fall speed. The procedure  is applicable to inlet entrances that experience breaking waves.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-33.pdf Morphological Asymmetries at Entrances to Tidal Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  discusses selected morphologic symmetries of ebb shoals and channels  at tidal inlets with implications for maintenance of navigation  channels and sediment bypassing to the adjacent beaches.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-32.pdf Leaky Internal-Barrier Normal-Flow Boundaries in the ADCIRC Coastal Hydrodynamics Code]
Purpose: This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering  Technical Note (CHETN) describes the methodology and input  requirements for the leaky-barrier boundary feature in the Advanced  Circulation (ADCIRC) coastal hydrodynamics code versions 40.02 and  higher. This feature calculates flow over and through structures such  as levees and jetties.
 
===2000===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-31.pdf Database of Inlet Navigation Projects and Structures]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note provides information about the online database of tidal inlet navigation projects and structures that is available on the World-Wide Web.  This Note describes the database content, overviews how to  access the database with a web browser, and explains how to extract information from the database.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CHETN-IV-30.pdf Natural Mechanisms of Sediment Bypassing at Tidal Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  describes mechanisms by which sediment bypasses both natural and improved tidal inlets. The note pertains principally to inlets on  alluvial or sandy shores.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-12.pdf Where and Why Inlet Channels Shoal: A Conceptual Geomorphic Framework]
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-29.pdf Circulation Patterns at Tidal Inlets with Jetties
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  provides guidance on  interpreting horizontal circulation patterns at inlets.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-26.pdf Simulation of Current-Induced Scour in Movable-Bed Inlet Models]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  provides guidance on using movable-bed physical models to predict  erosion and deposition caused by currents in tidal inlet channels. A  scaling relationship based on equilibrium scour depth allows observed  model scour depths to be quantitatively scaled to full-scale  dimensions. Appropriate situations are listed for which this mod-  eling guidance can be applied.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-25.pdf Enhancements of the Numerical Model of the Longshore Current NMLONG to Include Interaction Between Currents and Waves (NMLong-CW)]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  describes the Numerical Model of the Longshore current for Current and  Waves (NMLong-CW) that accounts for the interaction between a  current and surface waves. NMLong-CW can simulate wave  transformation, the steady-state wave-generated longshore current, and  change in water level at an inlet by waves and wind. NMLong-CW is a one-dimensional model and is limited to situations were longshore  uniformity applies.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-24.pdf Field Data Collection at Coastal Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  provides overview guidance on the collection of field data at coastal  inlets. It contains a method for planning a data-collection program  and identifies parameters, methods, and equipment useful for analyzing  conditions at the site.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-23.pdf Hydraulic Processes Analysis System (HyPAS)]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  describes a PC-Windows-based system for analyzing, visualizing, and  archiving hydrodynamic and related field data taken at inlets and  related estuarine and coastal waters. The Hydraulic Processes Analysis  System (HyPAS) is also applicable to riverine and laboratory  application.
 
===1999===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-22.pdf Shoal-Reduction Strategies for Entrance Channels]
Purpose:This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  (CETN) presents several methods for reducing sediment shoaling in  navigation channels at coastal inlets and entrances.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-21.pdf Surfacewater Modeling System Tidal Constituents Toolbox for ADCIRC]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note provides guidance on  specification of tidal boundary conditions for the ADCIRC circulation model within the Surface-Water Modeling System  (SMS). This technical note is one in a series prepared by the  Coastal Inlets Research Program documenting specific features of the SMS developed for ADCIRC applications.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-20.pdf Sediment Budget Analysis System (SBAS)]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  presents the Sediment Budget Analysis System (SBAS), a PC-based method  for calculating sediment budgets at single or multiple inlets and at  the adjacent beaches.  The SBAS runs on the Windows 95, 98, and NT  platforms.  This CETN is a companion to [http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-15.pdf CETN-IV-15], which presents sediment  budget theory and methodology, and [http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-16.pdf CETN-IV-16], which discusses uncertainty in sediment budgets.      This Coastal Engineering Technical Note provides information about the  potential use of a physical model facility dedicated to the study of  inlets and equipped to represent the most significant physical  processes at and around inlets.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-19.pdf Physical Model for Coastal Inlet Entrance Studies]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  provides information about the potential use of a physical model  facility dedicated to the study of inlets and equipped to represent  the most significant physical processes at and around inlets.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-18.pdf Equilibrium Scour Depth at Inlets]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  introduces a simple expression relating maximum discharge per unit  width at a location in a tidal inlet to the depth of scour at that  location. Application of this provisional guidance is illustrated by  three examples.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-17.pdf Wave Breaking on an Opposing Current]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  provides a method to estimate wave breaking on an opposing current,    such as at coastal inlet entrances.
 
===1998===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-13.pdf Techniques for Measuring and Analyzing Inlet Ebb-Shoal Evolution]
Purpose: This Coastal Engineering Technical Note  provides techniques to measure and analyze the evolution of ebb shoals  associated with tidal inlets.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-16.pdf Estimation of Uncertainty in Coastal-Sediment Budgets at Inlets]
Purpose: To provide information and procedures for  estimating uncertainty in coastal-sediment budgets at inlets.  Incorporation of uncertainty provides bounds for the sediment budget  and serves as an indicator of reliability and possible variability in  a sediment budget.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-15.pdf Formulation of Sediment Budgets at Inlets]
Purpose: To discuss the steps involved in  developing a sediment budget in coastal reaches that include inlets.  The types of data sets and analysis procedures useful in formulating  sediment budgets, as well as a methodology for incorporation of both  quantitative and qualitative data, are addressed.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-14.pdf Grid Development for Modeling Two-Dimensional Inlet Circulation]
Purpose: To provide guidance for developing  computational grids for numerical modeling of water level and current  in and around inlets.  This CETN applies to grid development for  two-dimensional triangular finite-element and rectilinear  finite-differnece models.
 
===1997===
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-11.pdf PC Program for Coastal Inlet Stability Analysis Using Escoffier Method]
Purpose: To provide information for determining  coastal inlet stability using a personal computer program which is a  tool in the Coastal Inlet Management Package of the Coastal Inlets  Research Program.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-II-39.pdf Interpretation of Shoreline-Position Data for Coastal Engineering Analysis]
Purpose: To provide background information and  guidance for interpreting shoreline-position data.  Such data are  analyzed for assessing historic and recent shoreline change,  estimating impacts of jetties and navigation channels on adjacent  shorelines, formulationg sediment budgets, and calibrating and  verifying numerical models of shoreline response.  This Technical Note  reviews definitions of the shoreline, their relation to the data  sources, and characteristics of the observed shoreline shpae or signal  that reflects the acting processes and measurement procedure.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-10.pdf Even-Odd Function Analysis of Shoreline Position and Volume Change Data]
Purpose: To present the background and methodology  for separating shoreline position and volume change data into  symmetric (even) and anti-symmetric (odd) functions.  Applicability  and interpretation of the even-odd function analysis for engineering  application is also discussed.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-9.pdf One-Dimensional Wave-Current Interaction]
Purpose: To describe the theory and a computer  program for calculating the wave height, wavelength, and wave  steepness for monochromatic waves interacting with a uniform current  for a one-dimensional channel.
 
[http://cirp.usace.army.mil/pubs/chetns/CETN-IV-8.pdf Estimating Scour Caused by Deflected Ebb Flows]
Purpose: To estimate maximum scour potential when  tidal ebb flow is deflected by an inlet navigation jetty.


==Conference Papers==
==Conference Papers==

Revision as of 16:29, 12 May 2010

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