Flat Basin

Overview

The analytical and idealized cases described in this chapter were selected for verification of CMS-Flow to confirm that the intended numerical algorithms have been correctly implemented. These cases have an ID, the first two characters identifies Category number, followed by a dash and the Example number under the Category. For example, test case C1-Ex1 refers to Category 1 - Example 1. This notation is used henceforth in this report. Four goodness-of-fit statistics are used to assess the model performance and are defined in Appendix A. The Category 1 V&V test cases completed are listed below. Additional cases are under investigation and will be included in future reports. Category 1 tests cases completed are:

1. Wind setup in a flat basin
2. Wind-driven flow in a circular basin
3. Tidal propagation in a quarter annulus
4. Transcritical flow over a bump
5. Long-wave runup over a frictionless slope

Test C1-Ex1: Wind Setup in a Flat Basin

Purpose

This verification test is designed to test the most basic model capabilities by solving the most reduced or simplified form of the governing equations in which only the water level gradient balances the wind surface drag. The specific model features/aspects to be tested are (1) spatially constant wind fields, (2) water surface gradient implementation, and (3) land-water boundary condition.

Problem and Analytical Solution

Assuming a closed basin with a spatially constant, steady state wind in one direction, no advection, diffusion, bottom friction, waves or Coriolis force, the momentum equations reduce to

$\rho gh{\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial y}}=\rho _{a}C_{d}\left|W\right|W$

(1)

where $h=\zeta +\eta$ is the total water depth, $\zeta$ is the still water depth, $\eta$ is the water surface elevation (water level) with respect to the still water level, $C_{d}$ is the wind drag coefficient, $y$ is the coordinate in the direction of the wind, $g$ is the gravitational acceleration, $\rho$ is the water density, $\rho _{a}$ is the air density, and $W$ is the wind speed. Assuming a constant wind drag coefficient, the following analytical expression for the water level may be obtained by integrating the above equation (Dean and Dalrymple 1984)

$\eta ={\sqrt {{\frac {2\rho _{a}C_{d}\left|W\right|W}{\rho g}}\left(y+C\right)+\zeta ^{2}}}-\zeta$

(2)

where $C$ is a constant of integration.

Model Setup

A computational grid with constant water depth of 5 m and irregular boundaries is used to verify the numerical methods. The computational grid has 60 columns and 70 rows and a constant resolution of 500 m. The irregular geometry is intentionally used to check for any discontinuities in processes near the land-water boundaries. The solution should be perfectly symmetric and independent of the geometry of the closed basin. The steady state solution is reached by increasing the wind speed over a 3 hr ramp period and allowing the solution to reach steady state over a 48 hr time period. During the ramp period, all model forcing is slowly increased from the initial condition (not necessarily zero), to the specified boundary condition time series. The purpose of the ramp period is to allow the model to slowly adjust to the forcing conditions without “shocking” it with a step function. In CMS, a cosine ramp function of the form

$f_{R}=0.5-0.5\cos \left[\pi \min \left(t,T_{R}\right)/T_{R}\right]$

(3)

f_R = 0.5 - 0.5\cos\left[\pi \min\left(t,T_R\right) / T_R \right]