CMS-Flow Tide Gates

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UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Introduction

A tide gate is an opening structure built across a river or a channel in an estuarine system. By preventing saltwater intrusion to farm land and allowing freshwater drainage to the estuary, tide gates are commonly used for flow and flooding control, and salinity and sediment management. Because a tide gate is a significant component of hydrodynamic and sediment transport controls in the coastal zone, it is important to incorporate the structure and to simulate its effect in the CMS.

Usage of Tide Gages for CMS in the SMS

Early SMS versions (< 13.4)

Previous documentation (Link given below) described the formulation and implementation of Tide Gates in CMS, detailing input requirements for SMS versions up to 11.2. This implementation required hand-manipulation of the CMS-Flow parameter files to add in lists of cells and option values.

Future SMS versions (13.4.x)

SMS 13.4 CMS-Flow model coverages.
SMS 13.4 CMS-Flow model coverages.

A "Structures" coverage has been added beneath the CMS-Flow model option in SMS 13.4 and later. This one coverage will handle Tide Gates as well as three other types: Rubble Mounds, Weirs, and Culverts.

  • Tide Gates are added to this coverage with the placement of Feature Arcs.
  • The "Structures" coverage will need to be applied to the CMS Simulation in order to export the appropriate cards to the parameter file.

Values needed by the CMS for each Tide Gate are listed in the table below. If there is a user-definable option in the dialog for the user to enter a value, the word 'Dialog' is shown in column 2, otherwise the words 'No dialog' are written in column 2.

List of tide gate structure parameters
Number of Cells No dialog
Cell IDs No dialog
Distribution Coefficient Dialog
Orientation of Tide Gate Dialog
Type of Weir Dialog
Flow Coefficient Bay to Sea Dialog
Flow Coefficient Sea to Bay Dialog
Gate Opening Height Dialog
Bottom Elevation of Tide Gate Dialog
Calculation Method Dialog

SMS will handle the assignment of the appropriate values for Number of Cells and Cell IDs.

CMS-Flow specific information

The parameters/selections for each Tide Gate feature arc will be exported to the ‘.cmcards’ file in the form of a block of values. This implementation is being tested with CMS 5.3.12 and later.

  • The Tide gate parameter cards needed for each gate are added to a structure block with a corresponding BEGIN/END statement for each gate are listed in the table below.
  • For readability and to be consistent with other cards in the .cmcards file, all values should start in column 36 and 3 spaces written between each value per line if more than one.
Cardname Indent 2 spaces? Type of value written Dependent on Notes
TIDEGATE_STRUCT_BEGIN NO N/A
  CELL_IDS YES <int> <multiple int> Total number of cells (n) followed by a

list of all cell ids (from 1 to n).

  DISTRIBUTION_COEFFICIENT YES <real>
  ORIENTATION YES 1, 2, 3, or 4 Direction of Sea side:

1= North, 2= East, 3= South, 4= West

  FLOW_COEFFICIENT_FROM_BAY YES <real>
  FLOW_COEFFICIENT_FROM_SEA YES <real>
  OPENING_HEIGHT YES <real> How large the opening for the gate is.
  BOTTOM_ELEVATION YES <real> Positive is upward
  METHOD YES 1 or 2 1= Approach 1, 2= Approach 2 (see literature)
  SCHED_OPERATION_TYPE YES 'REG',
'DES',
'EBB',
'UCG'
'REG' - regular time interval
'DES' - designated time periods
'EBB' - open gate for ebb tide, close for flood
'UCG' - uncontrolled gate
  REG_START_TIME YES <int> Operation type == 'REG' Start time (hour)
  REG_OPEN_FREQUENCY YES <int> Operation type == 'REG' Opening frequency (hour)
  REG_OPEN_DURATION YES <int> Operation type == 'REG' Open duration (hour)
  NUM_DESIGNATED_TIMES YES <int>
  DES_START_TIME YES <int> Repeated for number of designated times Start time (hour)
  DES_OPEN_DURATION YES <int> Repeated for number of designated times Open duration (hour)
TIDE_GATE_STRUCT_END NO

An example configuration for two tide gates is shown below:

TIDEGATE_STRUCT_BEGIN
  CELLS                             3  20 50 70  
  DISTRIBUTION_COEFFICIENT          0.9 0.9 0.9 
  ORIENTATION                       1  
  FLOW_COEFFICIENT_FROM_BAY         0.5 
  FLOW_COEFFICIENT_FROM_SEA         0.46  
  OPEN_HEIGHT                       2.0  
  BOTTOM_ELEVATION                  -1.0  
  METH                              1  
  SCHED_OPERATION_TYPE              REG  
  NUM_CONTROL_ELEMENT               3  
  REG_START_TIME                    0     
  REG_OPEN_FREQUENCY                18    
  REG_OPEN_DURATION                 6    
TIDEGATE_STRUCT_END


Last update 9/25/2024
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