CMS-Flow Culverts (DRAFT)

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Introduction

Culverts are a common coastal engineering structure typically used in coastal wetlands to control waste and storm water discharges, act as salinity barriers, optimally distribute freshwater, and manage sediment transport (Figure 1). In coastal applications, the culverts often connect open water bodies of similar water surface elevation to enhance flushing or conduct flow through levees or causeways. Since culverts are a significant component of hydrodynamic and sediment transport controls in the coastal zone, it is important that the CMS simulates their effects. The implementation of culverts in the CMS is based on equations developed by Bodhaine (1982).

Usage of Culverts for CMS in the SMS

Early SMS versions (< 13.4)

Previous documentation (Link given below) described the formulation and implementation of Culverts in CMS, detailing input requirements for SMS versions up to 11.2. This implementation required hand-manipulation of the CMS-Flow parameter files to add in lists of cells and option values.

Future SMS versions (13.4.x)

SMS 13.4 CMS-Flow model coverages.
SMS 13.4 CMS-Flow model coverages.

A new "Structures" coverage has been added beneath the CMS-Flow model option in SMS 13.4 and later. This one coverage will handle Culverts as well as three other types: Rubble Mounds, Weirs, and Tide Gates.

  • Culverts are added to this coverage with the placement of Feature Arcs.
  • Culvert feature arcs are direction specific and should begin on the Bayside of the culvert and end with the Seaside location.

Values needed by the CMS for each Culvert are listed in the table below. If there is a user-definable option in the dialog for the user to enter a value, the word 'Dialog' is shown in column 2, otherwise the words 'No dialog' are written in column 2.

List of culvert parameters
Cell IDs (2 values) No dialog
Type of Culvert (Circular or Box) Dialog
Existence of Flap Gate (On or Off) Dialog
Radius (if Circular is selected above) Dialog
Width (if Box is selected above) Dialog
Height (if Box is selected above) Dialog
Length No dialog
Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient Dialog
Manning friction coefficient Dialog
Invert Elevations No dialog
Bayside entrance and exit head loss (2 values) Dialog
Seaside entrance and exit head loss (2 values) Dialog
Outflow angle for seaside and bayside No dialog

SMS will handle the assignment of the appropriate values for Cell IDs, Length, Invert Elevations, and Outflow Angles.

  • The "Structures" coverage will need to be applied to the CMS Simulation in order to export the appropriate cards to the parameter file.

Documentation


Last update 9/25/2024
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